The first college graduate in his immediate family, he received a Baccalaureate of Arts in business, and enjoyed a long career in retail as both buyer and seller. Always tenacious and resilient, Jim exceeded his doctors' expectations and fully recovered without permanent disability. Jim had faced death twice before, once at age eight, when he survived polio, with almost no complications, and again at age nineteen, when he was pronounced dead (D.O.A) after a serious automobile accident on his way home for Thanksgiving break while attending Illinois College in Jacksonville, Illinois. Jim passed peacefully in his home on Thursday, September 25, 2014, around 6:10 p.m., due to complications from his long fight Jim was married to Janet Elaine Copland (Shumaker), June 4,1961. This doesn't mean, however, that you can no longer enjoy boating.James (Jim) Norman Copland (pronounced "Cope-land") was born on in Akron, Ohio, to Mary Ann (Anna) Copland (Di Cosmo) and Forbes John Hall Copland. It is for these reasons that operating combustion engines is increasingly restricted or prohibited, especially on sensitive waters. In the Technical Data section, we provide all information on input power, propulsive power, overall efficiency and comparable petrol outboards for your reference. On the following pages, a Torqeedo outboard specified as a "3 HP equivalent" provides the same propulsive power as a 3 HP petrol outboard – even though its shaft power and input power may be substantially lower. To make the comparison easy for boaters used to shaft power ratings of petrol outboards, we always compare the actual propulsive power of our outboards versus petrol outboards.
Propeller efficiencies in the lower horsepower class can vary by a factor of 3 between petrol outboards and Torqeedo electric outboards. This characteristic allows them to run substantially higher efficiency propellers – even in lower performance classes – than combustion engines. While the torque curve of combustion engines features a prominent peak, with maximum torque being available only over a limited engine speed range, electric motors feature a much flatter torque curve with ample torque available at any engine speed. The reason lies in the different torque curves of electric motors and petrol engines. How can the differences in efficiency levels of different types of motor be measured? We’ll shed some light on them.Ĭomparing the Power of Electric and Petrol Outboards: Torqeedo’s HP EquivalentĮlectric motors can achieve the same propulsive power as combustion engines with significantly lower shaft power.
The propulsive power of a petrol outboard with 4 HP shaft power, for example, is just 1 HP.
That wouldn’t be so bad if the differences between the various power ratings were minimal. Instead, less meaningful indicators are used, such as shaft power, input power or even static thrust. This method has been used in commercial shipping for nearly 100 years.įor petrol and conventional electrical outboard motors the propulsive power is not normally revealed. The most meaningful performance indicator of a drive system is propulsive power, which indicates the performance actually delivered by the motor to move the boat, taking all losses, including propeller losses, into account. And with that, everything should be clear, shouldn‘t it? Since then, it‘s been measured uniformly in HP or, in honour of its inventor, in watts. It goes back to James Watt, who defined horsepower in the 18th century to demonstrate the performance of his steam engine.
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